what is cac2

10 Sep.,2025

 

The chemical compound CaC2, known as calcium carbide, is widely used across various industries, particularly in the production of acetylene. Understanding its properties, applications, and safety considerations is essential for both professionals and enthusiasts.

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What is CaC2?

Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a yellowish, crystalline solid that has significant industrial applications. It is primarily produced by heating lime and carbon in an electric arc furnace. This reaction occurs at high temperatures, around 2000 °C, resulting in the formation of calcium carbide.

Properties of Calcium Carbide

Calcium carbide has a few notable characteristics:

  • Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of CaC2 is approximately 64.10 g/mol.
  • Density: Its density is about 2.22 g/cm3 at 20 °C.
  • Solubility: Calcium carbide is insoluble in water; however, it reacts vigorously with water to produce acetylene gas and calcium hydroxide.

Applications of Calcium Carbide

Calcium carbide has various applications, making it an important compound in numerous sectors:

1. Production of Acetylene

One of the primary uses of CaC2 is in the production of acetylene gas (C2H2). When calcium carbide reacts with water, acetylene gas is generated, which is then used as a fuel and a key raw material in chemical synthesis.

2. Steelmaking and Other Metallurgical Processes

In metallurgy, calcium carbide serves as a desulfurizing agent, helping to remove sulfur from iron and steel. This enhances the quality of the final product and is crucial in producing high-grade steel.

3. Carbide Lamps

Historically, calcium carbide was the primary component in carbide lamps, which produced light through the reaction of CaC2 with water. While less common today, these lamps were widely used for mining and other outdoor activities.

Safety Considerations

Handling calcium carbide requires caution due to its reactivity with water. It is essential to store it in a dry environment and keep it away from moisture to prevent any hazardous reactions. The following safety tips should be adhered to:

  • Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling CaC2.
  • Avoid contact with moisture to reduce the risk of accidental gas release.
  • Store in a cool, dry place and follow all local regulations regarding hazardous materials.

Statistical Data on Calcium Carbide Production and Use

According to recent data, the total production of calcium carbide globally reaches approximately 13 million tons annually (source: International Chemical Association). The demand in the Asia-Pacific region accounts for over 50% of this production, driven by growth in industrial applications and infrastructure development.

Market Trends and Forecast

The calcium carbide market is projected to grow at a CAGR of around 5.3% over the next five years, with an increased focus on the production of acetylene in emerging economies. This growth is primarily fueled by rising industrial activities and the expansion of the automotive and construction sectors.

Conclusion

Understanding what CaC2 is and its various applications can help industries optimize their production processes and ensure safe handling. Whether you are involved in metallurgy, chemical production, or simply seeking knowledge about calcium carbide, the information provided here serves as a comprehensive overview of this essential compound.

For more details and to stay updated, consider checking trusted sources such as the American Chemical Society and chemical safety guidelines from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

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