Redundancy is vital when designing a backup power system that will meet with both your regulatory and optional needs. This is especially true for emergency power systems. Rather than relying on one whole building generator or UPS system, redundancy can help you determine how many power supplies your load should be spread between. The two most common philosophies for this are N + 1 and 1 + 1 redundancies.
N + 1 Redundancy
In an N + 1 redundancy philosophy, the number of required components is first determined (N). Then an additional unit (+ 1) is added to ensure the failure of at least one backup power supply is factored into the coverage design. (For example, your building may require only three backup power supplies. Using the N + 1 redundancy formula, a fourth supply would be added just in case one of the primary generators failed.) Under this philosophy, the additional generator would not run during an outage. It would only start up if an issue with one of the primary generators comes up. Because of this, there may be a brief interruption to the backup power supply while the fourth generator ramped up.
1 + 1 Redundancy
A 1 + 1 philosophy consists of two power sources, each separate from the other. Each can provide the full required power for critical devices. In a 1 + 1 scenario, both generators remain active and ready to use. While one of these generators will be a primary, the other will already be ramped up should this first power supply fail. This ensures consistent delivery of power to critical devices. However, a 1 + 1 system is less efficient than an N + 1 because it keeps both generators operational at all times.
When designing a backup power system, a transfer switch is necessary. This switch allows either the standard utility power or the backup power through; it prevents simultaneous power from both sources. When the generator kicks on, the transfer switch disconnects devices from utility-provided power instantly. This is important because simultaneous use can create what some call “back-feed”. Back-feed is extremely dangerous to technicians working to restore power and can lead to injury or death. Back-feed may also damage the generator or other electrical devices once the power is running again to the building due to a power overload.
It is important you work with an experienced electrician or electrical services provider. Improper configuration can lead to injury or death, as well as damages to your generator or electric devices.
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If you are considering installing or upgrading your backup power system, Action Services Group can help. From helping you design the best system to fit your needs, as well as meet with any regulations, our experts work with you. To learn more about backup power systems, contact Action Services Group today by calling 610-558-9773 email [email protected] or schedule a call.
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